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Kevin O'Leary
Megapixel Generator

June 12, 2007

The World is Horizontal

The world is meant to be viewed horizontally. Long horizontal images of scenes are referred to as panoramic images. Panoramic photography captures a greater portion of the scene versus "normal" shots. A panoramic photograph is more encompassing of the scene than a normal shot. Panoramic photography lends itself particularly well to landscapes, and cityscapes because of its greater coverage but it can also be used successfully with people pictures and portraits.

Panoramic photography is a perfect medium for capturing a scene as the viewer would see it in person. The average person has a stereoscopic field of view of about 100 °; peripheral vision extends that out to about 180 °. Panoramic photography captures a wider angle than the normal camera lens. Panoramic photographs have a greater aspect ratio than normal photographs. The aspect ratio of a 35mm negative is 1:1.5 (24mm x 36mm). Panoramic photographs can have aspect up to and beyond 1:9. Panoramic photographs can capture up to 360 ° of view.

Though there are a number of film cameras specifically designed for panoramic photography, almost all digital cameras lend themselves exceptionally well to panoramic photography. Panning and taking multiple shots of a scene then 'stitching' the images together is all that is needed to make up digital panoramic images. All of the images here were shot with a digital point and shoot camera in panoramic mode. Here are a few helpful hints for making your own panoramic photographs.

Fixed Exposure: For the final image to look like one continuous image, it is important that all the pictures are taken with the same shutter speed and aperture. Some digital cameras have a panoramic mode. In this mode, the camera meters the scene for the first shot and sets the exposure. The same exposure is then used for the subsequent shots in the panoramic series. Some cameras also help the picture taker by displaying the previous image on the LCD screen so the next image can be aligned. If you don't have a panoramic mode or the ability to fix the exposure manually, the final image will have mismatched densities. If the overall scene of interest has dark and very bright areas, take the first picture of the brightest area, then shoot and pan normally. This technique will prevent areas of the final image from being overexposed or washed out.

Overlap scenes: Take a picture, and then pan the camera to the adjacent area for the next shot. It is important to overlap the last photo by 20% to 60%. Overlapping shots avoid unwanted distortion and provide better stitching. I usually single out an object in the scene at the edge of the viewfinder and then center the object for the next shot. Take a picture, pan the camera, take the next image, and repeat as often as necessary. It usually does not matter if you pan left or right during the sequence of photos. For greater coverage, shoot in portrait camera orientation to capture more ground, sky and detail.

Shoot straight toward the horizon: Point the camera level and parallel to the ground. To avoid a distorted final photograph it's important to shoot directly toward the horizon. If you don't want all that sky in your photograph, you can always crop it out of the final panoramic image.

Download images to your computer and stitch: Usually you will need to download the pictures to your computer to "stitch" the photos together. Stitching is the process of combining all the individual images into one complete panoramic photograph. You will need stitching software, hopefully included when you bought your digital camera. There are also multiple programs available on the web for photo stitching. A web search on "stitching software" will give you a good starting point. Some sites offer free software trial periods. I suggest you try them before you buy them; some programs are very versatile but not user friendly. You can also combine the photographs together and give it a collage look using Adobe Photoshop.

Printing: Printing these images has its limitations. You can send these to an ink jet printer but the images will be limited to the paper size. There are a couple print service web sites that will print panoramic images. One web site uses photographic paper and will print images 6" or 12" tall. The image will be as long as it takes to print the whole image. Wide format printers also lend themselves to panoramic images and are available at some specialty print service stores.

Really interested in shooting panoramic images? If you want to perfect your panoramic picture taking, I would suggest a tripod and panhead. There are commercial panheads available. If you are handy in the shop you can be make one out of wood. Mount a bubble level to make sure the camera is parallel to the horizon. It should have angle markings so you can rotate the camera the same for each shot. The rotating mount is designed so the camera rotates around its nodal point. If you have items in the foreground and background, rotating about the nodal point is important to prevent parallax errors.

Panoramic images are great for capturing the full spirit of your surroundings. Digital cameras enable everyone to create panoramic images. With these hints, you should now be well prepared for creating your own breathtaking panoramic images.




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Posted By: fer (10/28/2009)

Comment: This is amazing photography.The handy cam looks awesome.I was searching this kind of camera.Thanks for sharing such a cool pictures here.

Posted By: Tom Salwasser (6/19/2007)

Comment: I just discovered the dual lens Kodak V705 camera with built in panorama stitching. Well done! I have a milion dollar idea for you: How about a camera based on the V705 that dedicaes both lenses to the panorama? No stitching needed, with the associated failure rate of stitching eliminated! Many stitches fail because correct overlap was not done. The lcd display in bright sun can be hard to see.

Posted By: Jay (6/14/2007)

Comment: Check out www.autostitch.net for a wonderful free (demo) stitching program. It will amaze you!